Biological Countermeasures

Three Ways to Shield Astronauts from Deep-Space Radiation: Mature Mass, Impractical Fields, and Unproven Pills

Protecting astronauts from deep-space radiation requires a multi-faceted approach, as passive shielding is too massive, active shielding is largely conceptual, and biological countermeasures have unresolved long-term risks. No single method is currently viable for long-duration missions.